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03 — Business licensing

Business Licensing

An ERC lets a company exist. A sub-license lets it actually operate in its industry. This is where sector-specific conditions live — and where most delays happen when they're mapped incorrectly.

Fourteen sector playbooks

Licensing by industry

Each sector below carries its own conditions, CPC codes, and licensing authority.

Sector 1 of 14

Trading

Indicative CPC / activity codes

Main approvals or licenses

Principal authority

Foreign-investor watchout

CPC examples for computer services, management consulting, education, healthcare, food and beverage, warehousing, freight forwarding, and distribution are drawn from Vietnam's published service-classification and investment guidance.

Trading & distribution deep dives

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Business License in Vietnam

Eligibility, documents, four licensing pathways, timeline and FAQ.

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Retail distribution in Vietnam

Market access, Business License, Retail Establishment License and ENT for foreign retailers.

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Retail Establishment License in Vietnam

First vs additional outlets, documents, procedure and timeline.

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Economic Needs Test (ENT) in Vietnam

Decision framework, exemption criteria and the ENT Council process.

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Distribution Rights in Vietnam

Import, export and distribution rights, legally distinguished.

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Business License Requirements in Vietnam

Foreign investor eligibility, market access and licensing conditions.

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Business License Required Documents

The full dossier, checklist and document consistency review.

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Business License Application Procedure

Step-by-step application process, from assessment to issuance.

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Business License Timeline

Statutory processing times vs the practical project timeline.

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Business License Cost

Government fees, professional fees and related regulatory costs.

Frequently asked

What foreign investors ask, industry by industry

Can foreigners own 100% of a logistics company in Vietnam?

Most logistics sub-sectors allow full foreign ownership, but a few segments — notably domestic freight forwarding by road — carry joint-venture or capped-ownership conditions. The applicable rule depends on which CPC-coded logistics service the license covers.

Can a foreign company provide consulting services in Vietnam?

Yes. Management and business consulting is an unconditional sector under Vietnam's WTO commitments, and a wholly foreign-owned consulting company is standard. The business registration certificate must still list the specific consulting lines accurately.

What license does a foreign-owned trading company need?

Beyond the ERC, a trading company generally needs a Business License for Goods Trading and, depending on the goods, a Retail Outlet License for each physical location. Import/export activity itself does not require a separate license once these are in place. See our full guide to retail distribution in Vietnam.

Can foreigners open an education company in Vietnam?

Foreign investment in education is permitted but conditional — requirements differ sharply between language centers, vocational training, and higher education, with the last carrying the strictest approval and facility standards.